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* Corresponding authors a Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 23, Xinning road, 810001 Xining, PR China E-mail: Fax: +86 9 Tel: +86 9 b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan road, 100049 Beijing, PR China E-mail: c The Marine Pharmacy Department, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 239, Longmian road, 210009 Nanjing, PR China E-mail: d Qinghai University, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, No. 251, Ningda road, 810001 Xining, PR China E-mail: Fax: +86 9 Tel: +86 9 Abstract. It has been reported previously that the systemic efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents is substantially restricted for some cancer types, including malignant melanoma. Therefore, the development of more effective treatment modalities remains a critical, albeit elusive, goal in anticancer therapy.
The study presented here evaluates the antitumor activity of raspberry pulp polysaccharides (RPPs) against malignant melanoma using a murine tumor-bearing model. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of this antitumor activity has also been investigated. The results show that while RPP exhibits no direct cytotoxic effect on HT-29, MGC-803, HeLa, Bel-7402, L02 and B16F10 cells in vitro, it does demonstrate a dose-dependent growth inhibition of melanoma in vivo with an inhibition ratio of 59.95% at a dose of 400 mg kg −1. Besides this, the body weight and spleen index in tumor-bearing mice have also been improved in RPP-treated groups.
Form 990-N (e-Postcard) Organizations who have filed a Form 990-N (e-Postcard) annual electronic notice. Tax-exempt organizations whose annual gross receipts are normally less than $50,000 are eligible to file instead of Form 990 or Form 990-EZ. (26) State-sponsored organizations providing health coverage for high-risk individuals: 501(c. Jul 7, 2014 - *p vs. Blank and Scramble controls. Doi: 10.1182/blood-2095.
RPP is also found to induce splenocyte proliferation and is able to upregulate the activity of immune-related enzymes, including acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the spleen of tumor-bearing mice. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in the serum of tumor-bearing mice show to be effectively increased upon RPP treatment. Histopathological analyses show that RPP induces tumor tissue necrosis by increasing inflammatory cell infiltration and causes no lesions to liver and kidney tissues. Remarkably, RPP further enhances the antitumor effect of the chemotherapeutic drug docetaxel and alleviates docetaxel-induced liver and kidney lesions in tumor-bearing mice. These findings indicate that RPP exhibits antitumor activity in vivo against malignant melanoma, partly by enhancing the cellular immune response of the host organism. In summary, RPP features critical properties to potentially find use as an immunopotentiating agent or as a chemotherapy adjuvant agent for the treatment of malignant melanoma. • For reproduction of material from NJC: Reproduced from Ref.
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Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • History [ ] Egyptian hieroglyph wj Phoenician Q Greek The sound value of was /q/ (), and the form of the letter could have been based on the eye of a needle, a knot, or even a monkey with its tail hanging down. /q/ is a sound common to Semitic languages, but not found in many European languages. Some have even suggested that the form of the letter Q is even more ancient: it could have originated from. In, (Ϙ) probably came to represent several, among them /kʷ/ and /kʷʰ/. As a result of later sound shifts, these sounds in Greek changed to /p/ and /pʰ/ respectively. Therefore, qoppa was transformed into two letters: qoppa, which the number 90, and (Φ), which stood for the aspirated sound /pʰ/ that came to be pronounced /f/ in Modern Greek. The used Q in conjunction with V to represent /kʷ/, and this usage was copied by the Romans with the rest of their alphabet.